Learning the basics of Game Theory

Imagine that you and a friend are going to the movies. You like comedies more than action movies, while your friend likes action movies a lot more than comedies. If you go to see a movie alone, however, you’re probably not going to have as much fun, regardless of what type of movie you see. What is the optimal behavior for each person in this situation? At first glance, it seems hard to know exactly what will happen, since the payoff or reward that you receive will depend not only on which movie you go see but also what movie your friend decides to see. What is game theory? In economics, we can model this situation as a game with players, actions they can take, and payoffs that they receive in different situations. A key aspect of game theory is that the payoffs to one player depend on the decision that they make and on the decision that other players make. This means that in order for individuals to maximize their own payoffs, they must consider and predict what the other player(s) in the game will do as well. This is different from many of the simpler models in economics, where individuals’ payoffs from decisions they make are not affected by the decisions of other people (e.g. buying a sweater or a pair of shoes). We can model the game as follows: first, the players in the game are simply you and your friend, because each of your decisions affect one another. Next, we can think of all the possible actions in of the players - either you can see a Comedy or an Action movie, and your friend has the same two choices. Lastly, we can write the payoffs for each player depending on what actions are chosen. In this case, these are just numbers that represent how valuable different outcomes are for each player. Table 1 is the model of this game written out. It shows the players (â€Å"You† and â€Å"Your Friend†), their possible choices (see a â€Å"Comedy† or â€Å"Action† movie), and the payoffs to each player based on the actions that are chosen (the cells in the table, with numbers in parentheses). The payoffs are displayed so that the first number is the payoff to you, while the second number is the payoff to your friend. For example, a payoff of ( 4, 3 ) indicates that your payoff is 4 while your friend’s payoff is 3. Using Table 1, we can see how different combinations of actions lead to different payoffs for each player. For example, if you both choose â€Å"Comedy†, then the payoff is ( 4, 3 ) as mentioned earlier, while if you both choose â€Å"Action† instead, the payoff would be ( 3, 4 ), which is better for your friend (a payoff of 4 vs. 3) but worse for you (a payoff of 3 vs. 4). This represents the fact that you like comedies better than action movies and your friend prefers action movies to comedies. We can also see that when you choose â€Å"Comedy† and your friend chooses â€Å"Action† the payoff is ( 2, 2 ). In this case, you both get to see your favorite type of movie, but since both of you are going to different movies, the payoffs are lower. Similarly, if you choose â€Å"Action† and your friend chooses â€Å"Comedy†, then the payoff is only ( 1, 1 ), since neither of you get to see your favorite movie type and you’re watching the movie without each other - the worst of both worlds! How can we use game theory to figure out the optimal decisions? In order to predict how you and your friend will act, we need to find the Nash Equilibrium - a scenario (or scenarios) where nobody wants to change their behavior given the behavior of the other players. Nash Equilibrium is an important concept in game theory because it helps predict people’s behavior, even in complicated situations where one person’s payoff depends on another person’s actions. First, let’s use Table 1 above to figure out the optimal behavior for â€Å"You†, considering all possible actions of â€Å"Your Friend† No matter what your friend does, you only have two possible actions: to see a Comedy movie or to see an Action movie. What should you choose? Well, it depends on what your friend is doing! Let’s consider the case where your friend is going to see a Comedy (focus on the first payoff in parentheses, and the â€Å"Comedy† column in Table 1). Either you can see a Comedy with them - and get a payoff of 4 - or you can go see an Action movie without them - and only get a payoff of 1. So, if your friend chooses Comedy, then you definitely want to go see a Comedy with them. What if your friend is seeing an Action movie instead (now the first payoffs for the â€Å"Action† column in Table 1)? Now, if you choose Comedy you only get a payoff of 2, while if you choose Action you’ll get a payoff of 3. In this second case, you’ll choose to see an Action movie with your friend rather than a Comedy by yourself. In other words, your optimal behavior is to always choos e to see the same type of movie as your friend, regardless of what type of movie it is. We know this is true because that strategy always leads to the highest payoff for you, as an individual. Now we need to consider the actions of your friend, given that we’ve figured out the optimal strategy for you. If your friend is choosing to see Comedy, and you are following the optimal strategy of watching Comedy with them, should your friend change their decision and watch an Action movie instead (their favorite type of movie)? If they stick with watching a Comedy with you, their payoff is 3, while if they switch to Action their payoff would only be 2 - so they stick to Comedy in order to maximize their own payoff. But wait - this means we’ve found a Nash Equilibrium! When both you and your friend are choosing to watch a Comedy together, neither of you wants to change and watch an Action movie alone. In other words, nobody wants to change their behavior given the behavior of the other player. This is the definition of a Nash Equilibrium, so we can say that both players choosing Comedy is a Nash Equilibrium. What if, instead, your friend is originally choosing Action? We know that you’ll want to choose Action as well since that’s your optimal strategy. Again, we can see that if you’re both choosing Action, neither you nor your friend will want to change your behavior and see a Comedy alone (even though you like comedies more than action movies!). This means that both players choosing Action is another Nash Equilibrium. Table 2 below shows the two Nash Equilibria and the payoffs in bold: So, what will be the ultimate result of this â€Å"game† with your friend? What type of movie will you both end up seeing (what decision do you both end up choosing)? Because there are two Nash Equilibria in this game, we can’t predict exactly what will happen - there are two plausible outcomes (the two Nash Equilibria). We may not know whether you’ll both see a Comedy together or instead both see an Action movie together, but we can be sure that neither of you will choose to watch a movie alone. That’s because, like we showed before, the optimal strategies for both you and for your friend are to choose to watch whatever movie the other person is watching, and never watch a different movie alone. This game structure is a common example of a coordination game, a game where the Nash Equilibria are situations where both players need to coordinate to choose the same course of action in order to maximize their payoffs. Not all games have multiple Nash Equilibri a - some of them only have one, and some more complicated games have more than two! But finding the Nash Equilibrium (or the Nash Equilibria) is an essential part of game theory which helps economists think about and predict human behavior in complicated scenarios. The original core team of economics tutors at Cambridge Coaching was drawn from the economics departments at Harvard and MIT, and the MBA programs at Harvard Business School and MIT’s Sloan School of Management. Our expanded team now includes doctoral candidates in economics at Columbia, NYU, and Princeton, as well as MBA candidates from the most selective programs. We have deep experience teaching every economics topic at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate level. Many of our students come to us for help with the two foundational economics courses - microeconomics and macroeconomics - and we have tutors who have helped hundreds of students survive (and even enjoy) these notoriously difficult classes. Our tutors also work with graduate and MBA students on research and advanced coursework, including econometrics and impact evaluations. In short, whether you’re struggling with utility functions, or need help calculating a P-value, Cambridge Coaching has the tutor for you. In all tutorials, we take a highly structured and personalized approach to ensure that our students receive the most effective and comprehensive tutoring available. ; Want to read more on Economics? Check out some of our previous blog posts below! Understanding Elasticity of Demand in Economics An Introduction to Choice Theory: are Humans Really â€Å"Rational Actors?" How to Use Probability Trees to Evaluate Conditional Probability

Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Theory - 745 Words

Piaget s Theory of Cognitive Development Numerous papers have been written on Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Theory. Most fall short of helping others understand what exactly Jean Piaget means when it comes to the three basic components to Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. These two articles I have chosen to use in this paper, give the best explanation on his theory. This paper will go into detail on the key concepts of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory and hopefully help others understand in its simplest form. Literature Review Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland in 1896. After receiving his doctoral degree at age 22, Piaget worked with Alfred Binet (Cherry). It was then that he developed an interest in the intellectual development of children. He noticed that children were just as intelligent as adults. They were just thinking differently. He was intrigued with the reasons children gave for the wrong answers. All this was done by observing his children. To Piaget, children construct an understanding of the world around them, then the experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment (McLeod, 2012). The goal of this theory is to explain how and why infants and children think and develop the way they do. For this, he breaks it down into three basic components; schemas, adaptation process, and stages of development. Schemas are the basic building block for intelligent behavior. It is described as both the mentalShow MoreRelatedPia get s Theory Of Cognitive Development1289 Words   |  6 Pagesare many great cognitive theorists, but the one that comes to mind is a development psychologist by the name of Jean Piaget. One of his prized declaration was in 1934, where he declared that education is capable of saving our society from collapsing whether its violent or gradual. Piaget had a key effect on education and psychology, and because of that effect he made many contributions to learning and to cognition. One of most important contribution was a model that was made by Piaget. This modelRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Development Theory1077 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Piaget (1957), cognitive development was a continuous restructuring of mental processes due to varied situations and experiencing the world and maturing biologically. His view of cognitive development would have us look inside a child’s head and glimpse the inborn process of change that thinking goes through. â€Å"He was mainly intere sted in the biological influences on â€Å"how we come to know’† (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). Piaget’s views helps us to have appropriate expectations about children’sRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1813 Words   |  8 Pages ECH-130 Sociocultural Tables LLlllll Cognitive Development Definition Examples of Application of Concept Strategies to Support and/or Assess Learning Birth to Age 5/Pre-K Piaget Sensorimotor stage: :the first stage Piaget uses to define cognitive development. During this period, infants are busy discovering relationships between their bodies and the environment. Researchers have discovered that infants have relatively well developed sensory abilities An infant who recently learned how to rollRead MorePiaget s Theory On Cognitive Development1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theory on cognitive development. It will focus on Piaget’s work highlighting positive attributes and how they’re being applied in modern day and also delve on key limitations of the theory. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who was interested on why children would give similar but wrong answers in an intelligence test (Vidal, 1994). Based on his observations, he concluded that children undergo sequential cognitive development patterns which occur in defined stagesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development969 Words   |  4 Pa ges20th century, the development of psychology is constantly expanding. Erikson and Piaget are two of the ealier well known theorist, both being significant in the field. Their belief s are outlined in Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory and Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory. These theories, both similar and different, have a certain significance as the stages are outlined.Erikson and Piaget were similar in their careers and made huge progressions in child development and education. WithRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive developmental theories provide a framework for understanding about how children act and perceive the world. However, every theory has both strengths and weaknesses. A certain theory may explain one aspect of cognitive development very well, but poorly address or completely ignore other aspects that are just as important. Two well known theories of cognitive development are Piaget’s stage theor y and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. As I plan to be a pediatric nurse, these two theories willRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1111 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was based around his belief that children will develop their intelligence through a series of stages: Sensorimotor (birth – 2yrs), Preoperational (2-7yrs), Concrete Operational (7-11yrs) and Formal Operational (11+). He believed these stages to be invariant, the same stages taking place in a fixed order, and universal, the same for every child regardless of their background or culture. (McLeod, 2015) Piaget believedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to both Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how the newly found information is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;Read MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a systematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is different from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their developmentRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Theory And Cognitive Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Examine how Piaget’s cognitive theory can help to explain the child’s behavior. Piaget confirms â€Å"Each cognitive stage represents a fundamentally new psychological reorganization resulting from maturation of new functions and abilities† (as in Greene, 2009, p.144). The case Vignette describes Victors’ stages of development through Piaget’s stages of cognitive development as exhibited behavior that occurred during the sensorimotor, preoperational, as established areas. Victor experienced a normal

The Role of the Practitioner in Providing Play and...

Section A: the role of the practitioner in providing play and learning opportunities. E1- Collate evidence which describes the role of the practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs. Case study 1 – Mark - a 2 year old boy The EYFS states that Mark should be developing at certain level for his age and stage. Marks personal, social and emotional development as a unique child, should be that he is interested in others play and starts to join in. As Marks key person I will support him to become confident in interacting with other children and other adults. It is my role to make sure Mark is developing and learning at the correct rate. Mark has a positive relationship with his mum and dad so as his key person I need to ensure†¦show more content†¦Samantha needs to ensure she concentrates on Jacks positive behaviour instead of reacting to his negative. Jacks needs are not being met and this is why Jack is behaving like this. Jack if requiring his mums attention at any opportunity that he gets. This is because he does not see his mum that much as she works all week and all day. Jacks mum could encourage his child-minder to enforce positive behaviour with Jack and to do the reward system at the child -minders as well as at home. This would help Jack not to get confused with being able to behave differently in different environments. As a practitioners I would first suggest to reward system with Jack I would also recommend taking part in calm activities when he arrives home from the child-minders such a puzzles and books to keep Jack calm before going to bed. A1 – Include a reflective account of the role of the practitioner in supporting the learning needs of children. In the childcare setting I supported a child’s learning need by helping them to bond and communicate with other children and other members of staff. This child became particularly attached to one member of safe and it was becoming unhealthy. Sometime it would be to the point where is the member of staff left the room the child would stand at the door and cry until they came back. I supported this child by distracting the child with toys and activities that they liked. I built a good bond and relationship with the child whichShow MoreRelatedLearning Theory, Prior Attachment Experience Within Early Years And Educational Reporters1076 Words   |  5 Pageswith reference to relevant learning theory, prior attachment experience within early years and educational reporters. A mathematics lesson has many key elements to make it successful within an educational setting, such as hands on learning, the use of resources and use of assessment. This essay will have a core focus on children learning through play with regard to Development Matters. (Early Education, 2012). When planning practical learning activities, practitioners may come across some difficultiesRead MoreHow An Empowering Environment Helps Promote All Children s Play And Learning1679 Words   |  7 Pageslook into how an enabling environment helps to promote all children’s play and learning. It is important that every setting creates an enabling environment in the indoor classroom and the outside area for the children to learn and play in. â€Å"The environment plays a key role in supporting and extending children’s development and learning.† An enabling environment provides babies, children and young people with the freedom to play. This is because the children feel comfortable and relaxed. When babiesRead MorePromote Learning and development in the early years1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1.1 In the EYFS there are 6 areas of learning and development, these are: Communication and language development involves giving children a language-enabling environment to give them confidence and skills in expressing themselves and to communicate and listen in various situations. Physical development includes providing opportunities for young children to be physically active and interactive, also to develop their co-ordination, control and movement. Children must also be taught the importanceRead MoreUnit 6788 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Unit 6: Supporting children’s play 1. Understand the play environment 1.1. Explain what is meant by the play environment The play environment is the provision that is made foe children in which they can learn, play and relax. It encompasses both the physical environment (such as the layout, equipment and furniture) and the â€Å"emotional† environment (the atmosphere, or ambience that is created). 1.2. Explain how the environment supports play. Play doesn’t just happen. It is true that babies andRead MoreUnit Eymp 1 Context and Principles for Early Years Provision Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own learning children need control over some of their own play and learning we acts as facilitators. children learn using all their senses, children learn from play and enjoy being with others need a rich environment so they can learn and express themselves in a variety of ways EYFS linked practitioners provide opportunities for child led play, themed enabling environments that prompt us to think about how rich the environments are for children, emphasis on sensory and outdoor play, childrenRead MoreStrategies : How Constructional Apparatus, And Equipment956 Words   |  4 Pagesbeams, cardboard boxes, slides and climbing frames How these support play based learning: Children develop hand-eye co-ordination, gross and fine motor skills, spatial awareness, and mathematical concept of shape, space and measure Creative Resources and Materials: Paints, mark making materials, junk modelling material, crayons, pens, chalks, card, paper, glue, scissors, musical instruments How these support play based learning: Supports children to express feelings, use imagination, develop ideasRead MoreSetting and Children Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pages32: Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s setting. 1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role 1.2 Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards. As a qualified level 3 practitioner I am responsible to fulfil my duties and work role to the best of my ability. In other words I always like to try to give my position my full attention and give it 100% of my time and dedication. I believe thatRead MoreInclusion And Requirements Of The Areas Of Learning And Development1534 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 13: Promote Learning And Development In The Early Years. 1: Understand the purpose and requirements of the areas of learning and development in the relevant early year’s framework. 1.2: Describe the documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early year’s framework. Documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early years framework: Desired outcomes for children and young people as in the required framework for early years provision within the FoundationRead MoreUnit 7 - Childcare and Education Level 3 Cache Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pagesevidence which describes the role of the practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs. Gather and present information about the role of the practitioner whenchildrens learning needs. A practitioner’s role in meeting children’s learning needs are to understand and work with each and every child’s learning needs. They can do this by providing different opportunities to individual children because each child is unique and learns differently. The practitioners’ role would therefore be to planRead MoreMentoring Newly Qualified Dentists1801 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessionals in dentistry receive timely help that result in success in application as dental students and eventual dental practitioners. The other factor contributing to the need for mentoring in the dentistry profession is the fact that these practitioners are vulnerable to discontentment, disillusionment, and probable burn out. Therefore, mentoring provides them with an opportunity to guard themselves against these negatives effects while benefiting them in the beginning of their career. The Concept

Essay on Use of Symbolism in Chopin’s The Awakening

Use of Symbolism in Chopin’s The Awakening --Passage from Chapter X, pgs. 49-50 â€Å"But that night she was like the little tottering, stumbling, clutching child, who all of a sudden realizes its powers, and walks for the first time alone, boldly and with over-confidence. She could have shouted for joy. She did shout for joy, as with a sweeping stroke or two she lifted her body to the surface of the water. A feeling of exultation overtook her, as if some power of significant import had been given her to control the working of her body and her soul. She grew daring and reckless, overestimating her strength. She wanted to swim far out, where no woman had swum before. She turned her face seaward to gather in an impression of space and†¦show more content†¦It is an exciting moment because it is one of the first times that Edna Pontellier, the protagonist, feels giddy with herself and her accomplishments. In the preceding passage, Edna Pontellier swims for the first time by herself. Much is symbolized and foreshadowed in this passage. Throughout the summer, Edna’s husband, Mr. Pontellier, and many other people have been trying to teach her. However, Edna was never able to swim with the help of others. The fact that she finally is able to swim unaided symbolizes Edna’s awakening sense of independence and self-reliance. The ocean parallels Edna’s feelings. It is described with diction such as â€Å"space and solitude†, â€Å"vast expanse† and â€Å"unlimited.† The words â€Å"significant import†¦given her to control the working of her body and her soul† also support this. Edna realizes she is in control of herself and can attain happiness by her own means. Similarly, the control Edna has over her body suggests her awakening sense of sexuality. It is around the time of this swim that Edna acutely develops feelings for Robert LeBrun. The ocean that Edna swims in could also symbolize her awakening as a rebirth of herself. She is described as a â€Å"tottering, stumbling, clutching child† when in the water. Throughout the novel, Edna is often portrayed as a child. Rather than slowly easing into her independence at a rate that she could handle and control, Edna seems to throw herself into it as a childShow MoreRelated The Transformation of Edna Pontellier in The Awakening Essay950 Words   |  4 Pageshappen- something, anything: she did not know what† (Chopin). In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, the reader is introduced to Edna Pontellier, a passionate, rebellious woman. Throughout the novel, it becomes apparent how unsettled Edna feels about her life. The reader can identify this by her thoughts, desires, and actions, which are highly inappropriate for an affluent woman of the time. In the novel, Edna has an awakening and finds the courage to make the changes she sees necessary. Kate ChopinRead MoreA Solitary Soul By Kate Chopin1995 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Chopin’s official website published by the Kate Chopin International Society in which biographers and editors detail information of the authors life, works, and commonly asked questions, Chopin was 49 years old at the time that The Awakening was published. This novel was originally titled A Solitary Soul, but was changed just prior to publication. Though today this novel is heavily studied and appreciated by scholars and critics alike, this positive outlook on Chopin’s deeply symbolicRead MoreEssay about The Awakening1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Awakening nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written in the late nineteenth century in St. Louis after her husband Oscar died of a severe illness. Her book appeared in 1899, after she was idolized by many novels written by Darwin and Sarah Orne Jewett. Her first attempts at writing were just brief sketches for a local newspaper that was only short descriptions of her life in Louisiana. However, Chopin’s interests had always run along more risky linesRead More Symbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Chopins The Awakening is full of symbolism.   Rather than hit the reader on the head with blunt literalism, Chopin uses symbols to relay subtle ideas.   Within each narrative segment, Chopin provides a symbol that the reader must fully understand in order to appreciate the novel as a whole.   I will attempt to dissect some of the major symbols and give possible explanations as to their importance within the text.   Art itself is a symbol of both freedomRead More Awakening1 Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAwakening1 THE AWAKENING The contrast between an urban and a tropical setting represents the awakening that the protagonist experiences in Kate Chopins classic novel, The Awakening. At Grand Isle Edna becomes conscious of her restrictive marriage in a male dominated society. Her awakening originates with her experiences at Grand Isle but fully develops upon her return to the city, where she completes her transformation from her roles as wife and mother to an independent woman. The settingRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 Pagesof The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    Symbolism in TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Awakening 1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, she writes about a woman’s desire to find and live fully within her true self during the 1890s in Louisiana. The woman, Edna Pontellier, is trying to find herself in the masculine society of Louisiana, leading her to cause friction with friends, family and the Creole society. Edna begins to feel a change; she begins to feel like a whole person with wants, interests and desires. She learns that she is not comfortable with being a wife and mother. The imagery of theRead MoreWhat Is Edna Pontelliers Symbolism InThe Awakening?1120 Words   |  5 Pages Page 1 of 3 ZOOM In Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, the main character, Edna Pontellier surrenders something extremely important: her life. She becomes very self-aware and secretly stands for women being independent from common gender roles and expectations, later realizing that society wants the exact opposite. This highlights several of Edna’s values, including her freedom, her art, and her sexuality.Throughout the novel, Edna Pontellier finds herself being held back because ofRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1522 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin’s Use of Feminist Symbolism in The Awakening It is a bird, it is a plane, it is Edna! Edna Pontellier, a woman who challenges the patriarchal society, undergoes many hardships and development in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening. In the beginning of the novel, Edna is misunderstood and caged, depicted as a parrot. As the novel develops, Edna desires to soar above the patriarchal society and believes she has the ability to do so. Later, Edna moves into the ‘pigeon house’, attempting to escapeRead MoreArchetypes in Siddhartha889 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches to convey the theme of the novel, Hesse appeals to the readers senses and aides them in grasping the novel. Included in these techniques are symbolism, metaphor, allusion, and archetypes. He compares many issues that Siddhartha faces to everyday objects and forces, making the novel easier to understand. Three of the main archetypes Hesse uses to get his point across are trees, rivers, and sleep. One of the more obvious symbols used in the novel is a tree. Cross-culturally, it is extremely

Report on Professional Practice in Mining†MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Professional Practice in Mining. Answer: Introduction During the last spring session I had a chance to get involved in the Engineering subject. The engineering perspective on the practice based engineering entailed me to experience the reality of the engineering from my early stage in my profession formation. In this subject it helped me relate my experience to the developing understanding of the engineering theory, laboratory work, analysis, as well as the studies in some of the other disciplines. Moreover, during the session it help me promote both critical as well as creative thinking that was majorly based on the knowledge which is gained outside and within the University (Fenwick, 2013). In my reflection, I will explain on the aspirations which I encountered within the subject, some of the topics I covered during the Spring Session of the ENGG942, impressions of how the subject impacted on me. My aspiration on Engineering Professional practice subject I have always wanted to pursue a course in the Engineering course and as I was growing up I always wanted to be Engineer. This dream came true when I joined the college to pursue the course I always wanted. In the spring session I undertook ENGG942 and in this subject it greatly impacted my view as well as my critical thinking aspects. This subject was more than practice and more than education. It was able to impact various fundamental principles, respect for knowledge and I was able to develop the critical inquiry and lateral thinking on the course of engineering. I always though the course for Engineering was only based on the theoretical aspect and the application of what we have learnt in school. This subject was an eye opener and was able to see the concepts in totally different perspective. On my aspirations I wanted to always have pride in excellence and be eager to contribute towards shaping on the future of the world. I always wanted to be associated with great minds, who m ade an impact in the world. This subject helped me identify and attribute engineering as a more effective when it came to developing of the contact with the human as well as the technical challenge when one is faced with a real engineering situations. Topics I covered in the session In the ENGG942 subject I was able to learn various topics which have impacted my life positively. In this subject we undertook reports, and the management case study. These subject equipped me with the intercultural skills which I developed. Moreover, I was able to identify cultural awareness and communication skills which would be significant when I want to apply to the engineering knowledge real situations (Dawson, McWilliam Tan, 2008). Moreover, there was also able to understand Occupational Health as well as safety requirements particularly in the mining industries in Australia (Azapagic, Perdan Clift, 2004). We all know that in the mining industry there are it entails a lot of safety as well as health safety is required since, some mines may collapse or the chemicals used to burst the mines to be able to extract the minerals could be dangerous. This knowledge therefore, would be important to be able to deal with such situations and prevent any shortcoming that could arise. Add itionally, the topics on the case study helped provide a practical perspective of a real situation in engineering and how it could be analyzed, and appropriate techniques employed to solve the issue. On my personal level the topics required me to demonstrate on my developing appreciation as well as partially achieve capture to the competencies of the engineering competencies. I have been able to reflect on my individual technical as well as professional formation on the practical practice on the mining (April, Bosma Deglon, 2003). Additionally, the topics has helped me appreciate on the imperative of the sustainability as well as various approaches when it comes to developing and maintaining a much sustainable systems. Impressions of how the subject impacted on me Through learning of this engineering practice subject on mining I got to gain various competency in this profession of engineering (Miner, 2012). The subject helped me gain ability to express on my ideas more appropriately and the engineering experience which I gained in both in class and outside the classroom setup (Kemp, 2010). This subject has offered some clear understanding on the various subject especially in underpinning on the theories of the economies, communication as well as the career development which have contributed greatly my personal being, hence be able to manage my career in the professional practice in mining. Additionally, this subject has been significant in that it has helped me develop communication skills which are required for the search for the job along with the recruitment process in the context of Australia country (Grogan Andrews, 2002). In mining situation the conditions may not be favorable particularly when the miners have to risk their life, thus, with the knowledge gained I intend to apply the engineering discipline into the practical workplace setup through the work placements. I got a good impression from this subject particularly, on how it equips me with the intercultural skills, cultural as well as the communications skills that I intend to apply in my engineering knowledge. The subject also facilitated me to access the Australian workforce through the experience I have gained to have a placement on the part time employment, and has also enabled me to apply the discipline which is specific knowledge to the practical setting workplace (Danielson, 2011). Conclusion During the spring session was the best time in my learning as I was able to gain engineering perspective on the professional practice in mining. I was able to experience the reality of the engineering from the early stages when it comes to this professional formation. Additionally, I was able to develop understanding off the engineering theory, studies in other disciplines and analysis of various aspect. This session for sure provided me with critical and the creative thinking which was based on the knowledge which I gained. References April, K. A., Bosma, P., Deglon, D. A. (2003). IC measurement and reporting: establishing a practice in SA mining. Journal of intellectual capital, 4(2), 165-180. Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., Clift, R. (Eds.). (2004). Sustainable development in practice: case studies for engineers and scientists. John Wiley Sons. Danielson, C. (2011). Enhancing professional practice: A framework for teaching. ASCD. Dawson, S. P., McWilliam, E., Tan, J. P. L. (2008). Teaching smarter: How mining ICT data can inform and improve learning and teaching practice. Fenwick, T. (2013). Understanding transitions in professional practice and learning: Towards new questions for research. Journal of Workplace Learning, 25(6), 352-367. Grogan, M., Andrews, R. (2002). Defining preparation and professional development for thefuture. Educational administration quarterly, 38(2), 233-256. Kemp, D. (2010). Community relations in the global mining industry: exploring the internal dimensions of externally orientated work. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(1), 1-14. Miner, G. (2012). Practical text mining and statistical analysis for non-structured text data applications. Academic Press.

Against Animal Testing Essay Example For Students

Against Animal Testing Essay ISSUE: For the most part, we would not be able to live very comfortably without them. The question of what is considered proper treatment of animals has been highly debated by groups looking at both the moral and ethical issues of the situation. What exactly is our proper role with regard to non-human creatures? Do they have any rights, or may we do as we please with them? These are questions that politicians all over the world have been arguing about for many years, and still is as controversial as ever!PROBLEM: How can animal testing benefit both animals and humans without harming the animals?BACKGROUND: For thousands of years, humans have used animals for a variety of purposes including food, clothing, labor, means of transportation, hunting, medicine, and companionship. However, many personal beauty products, such as lipstick, face cream, anti-perspirant, and laundry detergent all have one major characteristic in common: the suffering and death of millions of animals (Dickinson 1 3). Canada has no legislation to protect laboratory animals from any form of mistreatment, abuse, or neglect. Great Britain has nothing in the way of constitutional ethical treatment of laboratory animals. In the United States, the U.S. Welfare Animal Act (passed in 1966 and later amended in 1970 and 1976) charges the U.S. Department of Agriculture with overseeing the humane handling and housing of animals in laboratories, pet dealerships, and exhibitions. While the law covers lab animals (such as rabbits, mice, dogs, and monkeys) it does not state that the animals are to be cared for or to be treated for injuries received from experiments, nor does it state that animals in laboratories can be used for only a limited number of experiments with the least possible suffering and distress (Dickinson 15). In effect then, there is no protection given to lab animals. On average, 25 million animals die every year in North America for the testing of everything from new cosmetics to new metho ds of warfare. Five hundred thousand to one million of these animals are sacrificed each year to test new cosmetics alone (Dickinson 13). There are many kinds of tests performed on animals. One kind is the Acute Toxicity Test, which requires between 60 and 100 animals to determine what constitutes a lethal dose of a particular substance. The test spans a time period from two weeks to seven years, depending on the amount of toxic chemicals in the product being tested. The animals are observed daily. Since chemicals are bitter-tasting and have an unpleasant smell, animals refuse to swallow them. The animals are then forced to swallow the substances in the form of capsules or pellets. They are also force-fed liquid chemicals by stomach tube, or through a hole cut in the animals throat (Dickinson 23). Animal-rights groups maintain that the tests are neither necessary nor particularly valid. And they loudly demand that the cosmetics industry find more humane ways to determine the safety of the product. While animal-rights activists ask if long eyelashes and red lips are worth an animals life, the cosmetics industry and FDA insist they are diligently searching for alternatives (Snead). According to the Michigan Society for Medical Research, a non-profit organization formed to educate the public about animal research, pound animals play a vital role in studying heart and kidney disease, brain injury and educating physicians (Roelofs). One temporary approach to help reduce the number of animals used in testing, supported by many humane societies, is a nationwide program of birth control, easily accomplished by spaying and neutering. A fixed pet is no longer a potential breeder of surplus animals. He has less inclination to wander away from home. He tends to be less aggressive, more gentle, even-tempered and affectionate. Spayed bitches and cats no longer go into periods of heat (estrus) that require them to be confined two or more times a year to avoid pregnancy. The bitchs owner is also spared visits by packs of excited males, fighting among themselves. Neutered male cats no longer emit a musky tomcat odor (Wylie). .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 , .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .postImageUrl , .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 , .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:hover , .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:visited , .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:active { border:0!important; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:active , .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5 .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u026fd9999007940088fbad85ee8507c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hacking For Money EssayWhy, then, isnt neutering more widely practiced? The blame must be shared by pet owners, veterinarian organizations, pet shops and others who profit from the care and sale of cats and dogs. Many owners simply

The United States, The Melting Pot Essays - American Culture

The United States, The Melting Pot The United States has Changed from a Melting Pot to a Vast Culture with Varying Racial Backgrounds. The United States, created by blending or ?melting? many cultures together into one common man, known as an American. ?Modern communication and transportation accelerate mass migrations from one continent . . .? to the United States (Schlesinger 21). Ethnic and racial diversity was bound to happen in the American society. As immigration began to explode, ?. . . a cult of ethnicity erupted both between non Anglo whites and among nonwhite minorities.? (22). Until recently, the only country who has made a multiethnic society work, was the United States. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur said, in America ?. . . individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men.? Is this still true? The creation of the U.S. ?. . . was not to preserve old cultures but to forge a new, American culture." (Schlesinger 22). In the 20th century, the melting pot is not working, and the whole idea is under attack (Evans 76). The United States has changed from a melting pot to a vast culture with varying backgrounds. In years before, America was a collection of Chinese, Germans, Italians, Scots, Croats, etc., all craving freedom. Today, even the simple concept of an English-speaking nation is fading off the continent. ?In the old days, immigrants were taught in English in the public schools.? (76). In America today, children are taught in German, Italian, Polish, and 108 other languages. Most of these schools are funded by 139 million federal dollars. Until recently, emigrants in the United States longed for admittance in society's mainstream. Now these groups demand separation from society, to be able to preserve and conserve their customs and languages. The biggest problem with this demand, is whatever accommodation takes place, must be done and accepted by the receiving society (Chavez 60). The increasing accommodations directed toward immigrant culture worries many Americans. Americans fear the special treatment granted to immigrants will effect the unifying force of the country. ?Today, the trend is toward multiculturalism, diversity and adapting the newcomer, rather than on the newcomer adapting himself or herself to . . .? a diverse society (61). Many Americans believe the nation has lost control of its boundaries. Concerned if immigration continues, the U.S. economy will suffer, and that employment will be scarce. Immigrants ?. . .are flooding the welfare rolls and are heavily involved in crime.?(Morganthau 18). The increase number of U. S. immigrants does effect the number of jobs available. The problem is, immigrants are either highly qualified ( take American jobs) or are less than skilled in any field (increase welfare). The view on immigration today is one of a drag on the economy, instead of a lift (18). In 1995, new immigration laws transfigure the American society. As a result, races group together to defend their customs. The current immigration problem also increases the racial tension facing America today. One result of racism in the United States is hate groups and gangs. Both have only one thing in common--violence! ?The very use of the term ?of color? - which embraces blacks, . . .? Asians, Native Americans and Hispanics, ?. . . many whom are ethnically white - implies that these disparate groups are bonded simply by not being of Northern European descent.? (Henry III 73). One example of these hate groups is the Ku Klux Klan, known for their hatred toward African Americans, Catholics, and Jews. The growing diversity of the American population makes the popularity of ?multiculturalism? and ?Political Correctness? explode. The main function of this craze is to raise minority self-esteem. Viewed by some, the obstacle this creates is not for the better. Multiculturalism helps unite groups and separates them from the rest of the country. ?. . .Civil liberties and human rights -- is portrayed as the root of all evil . . . ? (Schlesinger 3). A positive approach would have Americans stop seeing themselves as members of primarily one ethnic group, gaining their total identity from that group. White or black, Hispanic or Asian, they must envision themselves simply as Americans. Works Cited Brookhiser, Richard. ?The Melting Pot is